Wednesday, October 29, 2025

The women cited in Lamb's Hydrodynamics

I was skimming through the index of the sixth (and final) edition of Horace Lamb's Hydrodynamics (Cambridge University Press,1932), when I stumbled upon the name of "Miss Fawcett".  Later was a "Miss Swain".  And I also found Sophie Kowalewski, a famous female mathematician (better known as Sofya Kovalevskaya, 1850-1891).  These were the only obviously female names I could find in the index.

Let's start with Kovalevskaya.  I knew she had worked in mathematical physics, primarily because of her work on rigid body dynamics and the "Kovalevskaya top", well discussed in Roger Cooke's book about her mathematics (Springer, 1984, Ch. 7).  However Cooke also discusses (Ch. 4) her reformulation of Laplace's model of the rings of Saturn, a self-gravitating liquid annulus.  It is this 1885 paper that Lamb cites in his Art. 376.  It was published in the Astronomische Nachrichten, 111 (3):  38-48.  The first page is reproduced here:

  

Now, who are Miss Fawcett and Miss Swain?  Both were British mathematicians.

Philippa Garrett Fawcett  (1868-1948) was the first woman to achieve the top score at Cambridge University's Mathematical Tripos examinations.  In 1893 she published "Note on the motion of solids in a liquid" in the Quarterly Journal of Pure and Applied Mathematics, 26:  231-258.  Here is the first page:

 

This is the paper cited by Lamb in his Art. 130.

Finally Lorna Mary Swain (1891-1936) is another Cambridge grad, who has two papers cited in Lamb's Hydrodynamics.  The first is a 1915  joint paper with Lamb himself, "On a tidal problem", The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science, series 6, 29 (174):  737-744.  (Lamb did not insert his own name into his book's name index.)  Here is the first page of the Lamb and Swain paper:

 

The second is a 1923 paper with Arthur Berry, "On the steady motion of a cylinder through infinite viscous fluid", Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series A,102 (719):  776-778.  Lamb cites this in his Art. 339.  Here is what the first page looks like.

 

I find it interesting that both Miss Fawcett and Miss Swain are referred to as such in both the journal articles themselves, and Lamb's book.  

Lamb's monograph is probably the oldest of the "classic" fluid mechanics texts that can still be found on researchers' bookshelves today, thanks to a Cambridge Mathematical Library reprint edition. So it is notable that at least 4 papers by at least 3 female authors/coauthors were cited even in the venerable Lamb.  I also found Ben Franklin in the index as well!

 

 

 

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