Important physicists who were medical doctors

Physics did not become a separate profession (as opposed to natural philosophy) until probably the 18th, if not 19th, century.  For much of the early history of physics, its practioners and researchers often had formal training in other learned professions.  One such profession is that of medicine.

With only minimal research, I tried to jot down the names of important physicists who had substantial training in medicine.  Not all of them actually practiced medicine, despite their education, but several did.  Here is what I came up with, in approximate chronological order:

• Nicolaus Copernicus (1473-1543)
• Girolamo Cardano (1501-1576)
• William Gilbert (1544-1603)
• Daniel Bernoulli (1700-1782)
• Thomas Young (1773-1829)
• Julius Robert von Mayer (1814-1878)
• Hermann von Helmholtz (1821-1894)

Can you think of others who belong on this list?

 

Addendum, March 25, 2023.  Jennifer Coopersmith's book, Energy, the Subtle Concept (revised edition, Oxford University Press, 2015, Appendix III) makes clear the following individuals, contributors to thermodynamics, should be added to the above list:

• Hermann Boerhaave (1688-1738)
• Joseph Black (1728-1799)
• Pierre Louis Dulong (1785-1838)
  

Addendum, October 22, 2023.  I recently learned that Galileo Galilei attended medical school, but dropped out.  In fact, he did not complete a college degree at all.  However, Stillman Drake speculates that the definition of cause Galileo gives in his treatise On Floating Bodies is a take on an aphorism taught to medical students of the time.  See Drake's Cause, Experiment, and Science (University of Chicago Press, 1981) for details.